Wielen

Wielen, the Dutch plural of wiel, are circular components that rotate around an axis to enable rolling movement with reduced friction compared to sliding. They are essential in transportation and many machines. A typical wheel consists of a rim, a hub, and often spokes, and is mounted on a shaft or axle. The outer surface may carry a tire, which can be solid or pneumatic, providing traction and absorbing shocks.

Materials range from wood and metal to advanced composites. In carts and wagons, wooden wheels with iron tires were common until the modern era; in bicycles and cars, metal rims with rubber tires and ball or roller bearings are standard. Types include wagon wheels, bicycle wheels, and automotive wheels, as well as specialized wheels such as caster wheels and rollers used in machinery. Wheels may be designed for fixed or rotating connections, and may include braking surfaces or gear assemblies in complex configurations.

History and significance: The invention of the wheel dates to the Neolithic in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE; wheel-enabled vehicles appear around 3000 BCE. Spoked wheels allowed lighter construction and became widespread in many cultures. The development of pneumatic tires in the 19th century further improved mobility and comfort, while modern alloys and composites have reduced weight and increased strength.

Maintenance and use: Regularly inspect for wear, cracks, or deformation; keep tires inflated within recommended pressure; lubricate bearings where applicable; ensure proper alignment and balancing; replace damaged rims or spokes as needed.