Vätskeansamlingar

Vätskeansamlingar, also known as edema, refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissues. This can manifest as swelling in various parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles, feet, hands, or face. The underlying causes are diverse, ranging from mild and temporary conditions to more serious medical issues.

Common causes of localized fluid accumulation include prolonged standing or sitting, which can impair venous return, and injury or inflammation, leading to increased capillary permeability. Dietary factors, such as excessive salt intake, can also contribute to fluid retention. Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy or menstruation, can also cause temporary edema.

More systemic causes of widespread edema often relate to underlying medical conditions. Heart failure is a frequent culprit, as a weakened heart struggles to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and extremities. Kidney disease can result in impaired fluid and electrolyte balance, causing edema. Liver disease, especially cirrhosis, can affect the production of albumin, a protein that helps maintain fluid balance, leading to ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity) and peripheral edema. Certain medications, including some blood pressure drugs, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs, can also have fluid retention as a side effect.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess the location and extent of swelling, along with a review of the patient's medical history and medications. Further investigations may include blood tests to check kidney and liver function, cardiac imaging, and urine analysis to identify the underlying cause. Treatment strategies are directed at the root cause and may involve lifestyle modifications, medication adjustments, or specific therapies for the underlying condition.