Vstupnvýstupní

Vstupnvýstupní, often abbreviated as I/O, refers to the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world. This communication can involve either receiving information from the outside (input) or sending information to the outside (output).

Input devices allow data and control signals to be entered into the system. Common examples include keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. These devices translate physical actions or phenomena into digital signals that the computer can understand.

Output devices, on the other hand, present information from the system to the user or another system. Examples include monitors, printers, speakers, and projectors. They convert the digital data processed by the computer into a form that is perceptible to humans or usable by other machines.

The process of input and output is fundamental to the operation of any computing system. Without I/O, a computer would be an isolated entity, unable to receive instructions or present its results. The efficiency and speed of I/O operations can significantly impact the overall performance of a system, especially in tasks that involve frequent data transfer.

Modern computer systems employ a variety of I/O interfaces and protocols to manage the flow of data between the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and peripheral devices. These can range from simple serial and parallel ports to more complex interfaces like USB (Universal Serial Bus) and network connections. The management of these interactions is typically handled by the operating system, which provides a standardized way for applications to access hardware I/O capabilities.