Veevõrgustik

Veevõrgustik is the Estonian term for a water distribution network, the system of infrastructure that delivers potable water from sources to end consumers. It encompasses the network of pipes, pumping stations, storage tanks, treatment facilities, valves, meters and customer connections used to supply households, businesses and public services.

The network typically starts at a water source, such as a reservoir, river or groundwater source. Water is treated to meet quality and safety standards, then conveyed through distribution mains and often stored in elevated tanks or reservoirs to balance supply and demand. From there, service lines connect to individual buildings. Throughout the network, control systems, sensors and metering monitor flow, pressure and water quality to ensure reliability and safety.

Design and operation focus on ensuring adequate pressure, minimizing leaks, maintaining water quality, and providing resilience against outages. Network layouts often use looped or zoned configurations to improve reliability and facilitate maintenance. Materials commonly used include ductile iron, PVC, polyethylene and other durable piping. Ongoing maintenance includes flushing, disinfection, corrosion control, pressure management and regular testing to comply with drinking-water standards.

Challenges facing veevõrgustik include aging infrastructure, non-revenue water from leaks, climate variability, and demand fluctuations. Modernizations pursue smart metering, SCADA-based monitoring, leak detection technologies, and rehabilitation of old pipelines. Regulatory and utility practices aim to ensure safe, sustainable and affordable water supply, with emphasis on water quality, energy efficiency, and long-term system resilience.