Vatsalihasten

Vatsalihasten is a term used to describe the muscles that form the abdominal wall and contribute to trunk stability. The core abdominal muscle group includes the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. The diaphragm and pelvic floor are closely linked with these muscles and together support core function and intra-abdominal pressure.

The rectus abdominis runs vertically along the front of the abdomen and is best known for creating the “six-pack” appearance in well-conditioned individuals. The external oblique lies on the outer front and sides of the abdomen, while the internal oblique sits just underneath it. The transversus abdominis is a deep layer that wraps horizontally around the abdomen and plays a key role in stabilizing the spine and maintaining abdominal pressure.

Functions of vatsalihasten include bending the trunk forward (flexion), bending to the sides (lateral flexion), and rotating the trunk. They also stabilize the spine, support posture, assist with forced expiration, coughing, sneezing, lifting, and childbirth, and help regulate intra-abdominal pressure during activities such as defecation and lifting.

Clinical relevance centers on strength and coordination of the abdominal wall. Weakness or poor coordination can contribute to low back pain and poor posture. Diastasis recti (separation of the rectus abdominis) is a common postpartum condition affecting abdominal function. Abdominal injuries such as strains and hernias can impair core stability and require appropriate rehabilitation.

Training and rehabilitation aim to develop balanced core strength, emphasizing gradual progression, proper breathing, and controlled movements. Effective programs typically include a mix of pelvic floor and diaphragmatic breathing, stability exercises, and gradually progressive resistance training for the abdominal wall.