Uroginecología

Uroginecología is a subspecialty of gynecology and urology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the female pelvic floor. These conditions include urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Uroginecologists are physicians who have completed specialized training in both obstetrics and gynecology, and often in urology as well, to address these complex issues.

The female pelvic floor is a group of muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs, including the bladder, uterus, and rectum. Weakness or damage to these structures can lead to a variety of problems. Urinary incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine, can manifest in different ways, such as stress incontinence (leakage during coughing or sneezing) or urge incontinence (a sudden, strong urge to urinate). Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when one or more of the pelvic organs descend from their normal position into or out of the vagina. Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements.

Diagnosis in uroginecología typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination including a pelvic exam, and often specialized tests such as urodynamic studies to assess bladder function, cystoscopy to visualize the bladder and urethra, and imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. They can range from conservative measures like pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegels), lifestyle modifications, and pessaries (devices inserted into the vagina to support prolapsed organs) to surgical interventions. Surgical approaches may include procedures to repair weakened pelvic floor muscles, lift prolapsed organs, or correct urinary or fecal leakage. Uroginecologists work collaboratively with patients to develop individualized treatment plans aimed at improving quality of life and restoring function.