Universaldesign

Universal design is an approach to designing products, environments, programs, and communications so they can be used by people of diverse ages, abilities, and backgrounds. It aims to make spaces and items usable for the widest possible range of users, not only those with identified disabilities. The goal is inclusive design that reduces the need for separate adaptations or specialized devices.

The concept is guided by seven principles developed by the Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State University: equitable use; flexibility in use; simple and intuitive use; perceptible information; tolerance for error; low physical effort; and size and space for approach and use.

Universal design is applied across architecture, product design, transportation, urban planning, education, and digital interfaces. Examples include entrances with no steps, doors that require minimal force, adjustable fixtures, high-contrast signage, and interfaces that work with keyboards, voice input, touch, and screen readers.

It is related to but distinct from accessibility and inclusive design. Accessibility typically focuses on meeting standards to remove barriers for people with disabilities, while universal design seeks broad usability from the outset, benefiting a wide range of users, including the elderly, children, and those with temporary impairments.

The idea originated in the 1980s and is credited to architect and designer Ronald Mace, who coined the term and advocated designing for all people. Since then it has influenced public policy, building codes, and product development, though implementing universal design can involve tradeoffs with cost, aesthetics, and safety.