Univaihehäiriö

Univaihehäiriö refers to a group of sleep disorders characterized by disruptions in the normal sleep-wake cycle. These disorders can affect the timing, duration, or quality of sleep. Common examples include insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, and hypersomnia, which involves excessive daytime sleepiness. Narcolepsy is another type of hypersomnia that includes sudden, uncontrollable urges to sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness and hallucinations.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are also part of this category. These occur when a person's internal biological clock is misaligned with the external environment. Examples include delayed sleep phase syndrome, where an individual naturally falls asleep and wakes up much later than desired, and advanced sleep phase syndrome, where sleep and wake times are earlier than typical. Jet lag and shift work disorder are also considered circadian rhythm disruptions.

Other conditions falling under the umbrella of univaihehäiriö include parasomnias, which are abnormal behaviors or experiences that occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors, and sleep-related breathing disorders like sleep apnea. The causes of univaihehäiriö are varied and can include genetic factors, medical conditions, psychological issues, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Diagnosis typically involves a review of sleep history, physical examination, and often a sleep study (polysomnography). Treatment approaches depend on the specific disorder and may include behavioral therapies, lifestyle adjustments, medication, or light therapy.