Tüdtágulás

Tüdtágulás, also known as emphysema, is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, are damaged. These sacs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves. When the alveoli are damaged, they lose their stretchiness and ability to move air in and out properly.

The primary cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants. The most common culprit is cigarette smoke, but other irritants like air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust can also contribute. Genetic factors, such as a deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin, can also play a role in developing emphysema, though this is less common.

Symptoms of emphysema typically develop gradually and can include persistent coughing, mucus production, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. The most prominent symptom is progressive shortness of breath, which initially occurs during physical activity but can eventually happen even at rest.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, a review of medical history, and lung function tests, such as spirometry. Imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans may also be used to assess the extent of lung damage.

There is no cure for emphysema, but treatments aim to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life. These treatments may include medications to open airways and reduce inflammation, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and in severe cases, surgery. Quitting smoking is the most crucial step for individuals with emphysema to prevent further lung damage.