Tørrslitasje

Tørrslitasje, also known as dry wear or tribological wear under dry conditions, refers to the loss of material from a surface due to friction and contact with another surface in the absence of any lubricant. This phenomenon is a critical consideration in the design and maintenance of mechanical systems where components move against each other. The primary mechanisms driving tørrslitasje include adhesion, abrasion, fatigue, and surface reaction.

Adhesive wear occurs when surfaces in contact bond together due to intermolecular forces. When these bonds break during movement, small particles of material are transferred from one surface to the other or are displaced, leading to material loss. Abrasive wear happens when harder particles or asperities on one surface scratch or cut into the softer surface. This can be a two-body abrasion, where the opposing surface itself is abrasive, or three-body abrasion, where loose abrasive particles are present between the surfaces.

Fatigue wear results from repeated stress cycles applied to the surface. These stresses, often induced by contact pressure and friction, can lead to the formation and propagation of cracks, eventually causing material fragmentation. Surface reaction wear involves chemical interactions between the sliding surfaces and the surrounding environment, forming brittle or easily removable surface layers that are then worn away. Understanding and mitigating tørrslitasje is crucial for extending the lifespan of machine parts, improving efficiency, and ensuring operational reliability in various industries, including automotive, manufacturing, and aerospace.