Turuna

Turuna, also known as tucunaré, is a group of freshwater fish belonging to the cichlid family. Native to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in South America, these fish are highly prized by anglers for their aggressive fighting qualities and are also a significant food source in their native regions. The term "turuna" is commonly used in Brazil, while "tucunaré" is more prevalent in other Portuguese-speaking countries.

These predatory fish are characterized by their vibrant coloration, often featuring shades of yellow, green, and blue, with distinctive dark spots or bars. They are typically found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and lagoons, often favoring areas with submerged vegetation or rocky structures where they can ambush prey. Turuna are carnivorous, feeding primarily on smaller fish, crustaceans, and insects.

There are numerous species and subspecies of turuna, with some of the most well-known including *Cichla ocellaris* (Peacock Bass) and *Cichla temensis* (Speckled Peacock Bass). Their size can vary significantly depending on the species and environmental conditions, with some reaching over three feet in length and weighing more than twenty pounds. Due to their popularity in sport fishing, turuna have been introduced to other tropical regions around the world, sometimes with ecological consequences.