Cichla

Cichla is a genus of large, predatory freshwater fish native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. These fish are commonly known as peacock bass due to the distinctive ocellus, or eyespot, found on the caudal fin, which resembles a peacock's feather. They are highly prized by sport fishermen for their aggressive fighting ability and are also popular in the aquarium trade.

The genus Cichla currently comprises at least ten recognized species, though taxonomic classification is subject to ongoing research and revision. Notable species include Cichla ocellaris, Cichla temensis, and Cichla monoculus. Their coloration varies widely between species and even within a single species depending on age, sex, and environmental conditions. Many exhibit vibrant patterns of yellow, orange, red, and green, often with dark vertical bars.

Peacock bass are opportunistic predators, feeding primarily on smaller fish, crustaceans, and insects. They are known for their powerful jaws and sharp teeth, which are well-adapted for capturing and consuming prey. In their native habitat, they play a significant role in the aquatic ecosystem.

Due to their popularity, peacock bass have been introduced to various tropical and subtropical regions outside their native range, sometimes with ecological consequences. In aquariums, they require large tanks with good water quality and a varied diet. Despite their predatory nature, they can be kept successfully by experienced aquarists.