Triggerpunt

Triggerpunt, or trigger point, is a hypersensitive spot within a muscle or its surrounding fascia that is painful when pressed and can produce pain in other parts of the body (referred pain). It is a central concept in myofascial pain syndrome and can involve a taut band of muscle fibers.

Typically, a triggerpunt is felt as a tender nodule within a muscle. Palpation often elicits a sharp local pain and may trigger referred pain patterns that are characteristic for the involved muscle. Some people also experience muscle stiffness, weakness, or diminished range of motion near the affected area.

Causes of triggerpunten include muscle overuse, acute strains, repetitive movements, awkward or sustained postures, injury, and periods of inadequate conditioning or stress. They can develop after a single strain or gradually with repeated microtrauma. Factors such as dehydration or electrolyte imbalance may influence muscle function but are not sole causes.

Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and a physical exam. A clinician palpates a taut band and a hypersensitive point and assesses whether pressing the point reproduces familiar pain. Imaging or laboratory tests are not routinely required, though they may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment focuses on pain relief and restoring function. Approaches include education, self-care (gentle stretching, posture correction, gradual return to activity, adequate hydration), and physical therapy. Manual therapies (soft-tissue mobilization, myofascial release, or sustained pressure) and modalities like dry needling or acupuncture can be used. In some cases, injections of anesthetic or corticosteroids may be considered. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help with pain. Prognosis varies; many triggerpunten respond to treatment, while others may persist as part of chronic myofascial pain syndrome.