Transhumanist

Transhumanism is a philosophical and cultural movement that seeks to transform the human condition by developing and applying technologies to enhance physical and cognitive capacities, reduce suffering, and extend lifespan. Proponents envision a future in which aging, disease, and other biological limits can be overcome, potentially leading to a posthuman stage of existence.

The term is often attributed to Julian Huxley, who spoke of humanity's potential to evolve beyond its current state. In the late 20th century, modern transhumanism coalesced around thinkers such as Max More and Natasha Vita-More and organizations like the World Transhumanist Association (later renamed Humanity+) and the Extropy Institute. The movement emphasizes the responsible use of science and technology to improve human well-being.

Core ideas include life extension, cognitive and physical enhancement, brain-computer interfaces, genetic and cellular engineering, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence as tools to transcend biological limits. Ethical and political questions are central, focusing on safety, informed consent, equitable access, and governance of powerful technologies.

Critics argue that rapid technological change can raise safety and ethical concerns, potentially widening social inequalities or diminishing aspects of human autonomy and meaning. Some bioconservatives advocate restraint, while techno-progressives generally support prudent, inclusive advancement with strong safeguards.

Variants and related currents include techno-progressivism, religious transhumanism, and bioconservatism, each interpreting the role of technology in human life through different moral or spiritual commitments. Notable figures associated with the movement include Ray Kurzweil, Hans Moravec, Nick Bostrom, and early advocates like Max More and Natasha Vita-More.