Tolketyper

Tolketyper is a term used in Norwegian, Danish and other Scandinavian languages to denote typologies of interpreters and interpretation methods. It refers to the different modes, settings, and roles interpreters may perform in professional practice. Classifications usually consider mode of delivery, setting, and audience.

Mode of delivery: Simultaneous interpretation is provided in real time while the speaker continues speaking, typically from a booth and using headphones. Consecutive interpretation occurs after the speaker has finished a segment, with the interpreter rendering the content, often from notes. Whispered interpretation, or chuchotage, is a variant where the interpreter speaks quietly to a single listener or a small group without a booth.

Remote interpretation is increasingly common and includes telephone interpreting and video remote interpreting (VRI), enabling interpretation without a physical presence at the event.

Setting and role: Conference interpreting covers large events and conventions. Liaison interpreting supports short, informal exchanges between speakers of different languages. Escort or tour interpreting involves interpreters accompanying individuals or groups on site. Medical interpreting focuses on healthcare settings, while legal or court interpreting addresses judicial proceedings. Sign language interpreting serves Deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences and may include Deaf interpreters working with hearing interpreters.

Context and ethics: The choice of tolketype depends on factors such as speech speed and complexity, the size and needs of the audience, confidentiality, and required immediacy. Professional practice emphasizes accuracy, cultural mediation, and adherence to ethical standards.