ToFDtekniikka
ToFDtekniikka, officially Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD), is a nondestructive testing (NDT) method used to detect and size flaws in welds and other metallic components. It relies on ultrasonic waves and the diffraction from crack tips to locate and characterize defects.
Principle and operation: TOFD uses two high-frequency ultrasonic transducers placed on opposite sides of the test
Equipment and procedure: A TOFD setup includes a UT instrument, paired transducers with wedges, scanning hardware,
Advantages and limitations: TOFD offers accurate defect sizing, high signal-to-noise ratio, and good detection of flaws
Applications: Commonly used in weld inspection for pipelines, pressure vessels, shipbuilding, and structural steel, as well