Tillandsia

Tillandsia is a large genus of flowering plants in the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae), commonly known as air plants. With about 600 species, Tillandsia are primarily epiphytic, growing on trees, rocks, or man-made structures rather than in soil. They are native to the Americas, from the southern United States to Argentina and across the Caribbean, occupying a range of habitats from forests to deserts.

Physiology: Tillandsia absorb water and nutrients mainly through specialized leaf scales called trichomes. Roots are primarily for anchoring; the leaves often form a rosette with a central cup that can collect water. This adaptation allows them to live in canopy gaps and other spaces where moisture is intermittent.

Reproduction: Plants flower on slender stalks; after blooming, many species produce offsets, or pups, at the base that can be separated to form new plants. Some species may bloom again in later years; seeds can also contribute to propagation.

Cultivation and care: They require bright, indirect light and good air circulation. Humidity is beneficial but not strictly required. Watering is usually by soaking or thorough misting; typical schedules range from weekly to biweekly in moderate humidity, with shorter or longer intervals depending on conditions. After watering, shake off excess water and allow the plant to dry completely to prevent rot. Do not keep Tillandsia permanently submerged in water and avoid direct, scorching sun.

Uses and notable species: Tillandsia are popular as ornamental plants, used in terrariums, mounted displays, and vertical gardens. Notable species include Tillandsia ionantha, Tillandsia xerographica, and Tillandsia caput-medusae.