Throwers

Throwers are track and field athletes who specialize in events that project implements through the air or along the ground. In standard competition, the core throwing events are shot put, discus, hammer, and javelin. Some meets also include indoor weight throw, and many throwers compete in multiple events or as part of decathlon or heptathlon teams.

In shot put, athletes push or throw a heavy spherical shot from a starting position either from the shoulder using a glide technique or from a rotational technique that spins before release. The discus throw uses a disc-shaped implement and involves a controlled spin to transfer momentum and release the discus at an optimal angle. The hammer throw involves swinging a metal ball attached to a wire handle, rotating the body to build angular momentum before releasing the hammer into the field. Javelin throw requires a run-up and precise release of a spear-like implement, with technique focusing on speed, angle of attack, and stability through the throw. Indoor weight throw is a related discipline that uses a weighted implement and a similar throwing action.

Training for throwers emphasizes force production, speed, balance, and technique. Programs typically combine strength work in the gym, sprint and plyometric work, technical drills, and video analysis to refine release, footwork, and body position. Proper technique is essential for performance and injury prevention, with common focus areas including grip, hip–shoulder sequencing, and the timing of the final acceleration and release.

Competition features measurement of distances in meters, with throws recorded when made from a designated throwing circle or runway. Fouls can occur for infractions such as stepping out of the circle, improper grip, or illegal throwing action. Elite throwers compete in national championships, continental meets, World Championships, and the Olympic Games, where records and titles are pursued across the four main events. Notable throwers have set world records in hammer, discus, shot put, and javelin, reflecting the sport’s long history and variability across events.