Javelin

A javelin is a light spear designed to be thrown by hand. Historically used as a weapon and hunting tool, it was later adapted into a competitive sport. In track and field, the javelin throw combines speed, technique, and precision to achieve maximum distance.

Javelins have ancient origins in many cultures, where they served in warfare and hunting. The modern athletic event emerged in northern Europe in the 19th century and became part of the Olympic program in the early 20th century. Over time, standardizations were introduced to ensure consistency in equipment and competition.

Modern sport javelins are long, slender shafts with a sharp metal tip and a grip near the middle. They are typically made from aluminum or carbon fiber composites, though training models may use wood. The center of gravity is positioned forward of the grip to promote stable flight. In competition, men generally use an 800-gram javelin about 2.6–2.7 meters long, while women use a 600-gram javelin about 2.2–2.3 meters long.

Flight and technique: The throw begins with a run-up, followed by coordinated trunk rotation and arm action to accelerate the javelin. The release occurs as the javelin is moving forward, and the throw must land tip-first within a designated sector. Aerodynamics and weight distribution influence trajectory, stability, and distance.

Competitive records: The men’s world record is 98.48 meters, set by Jan Železný in 1996. The women’s record is 72.28 meters, achieved by Barbora Špotáková in 2008. Throws take place in clearly marked throwing areas with safety zones; fouls include stepping over the designated line before release and improper landing.

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