ThoraxCT

ThoraxCT, also called chest CT, is a computed tomography imaging modality that produces cross-sectional images of the thoracic organs and structures. It provides detailed evaluation of the lungs, airways, mediastinum, heart and great vessels, pleura, and chest wall. Multidetector CT enables rapid, volumetric acquisition and can cover the entire chest in a single breath-hold.

Technique and variations

ThoraxCT can be performed with or without intravenous iodinated contrast. Contrast-enhanced CT improves visualization of vascular structures, mediastinal anatomy, and inflammatory or neoplastic processes. Non-contrast CT is often used to assess calcifications or certain parenchymal patterns. Low-dose CT is commonly used for lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals. Specific protocols include CT angiography (CTA) to evaluate pulmonary arteries or the aorta, and high-resolution CT (HRCT) for detailed assessment of interstitial lung disease. Breathing instructions and timing relative to contrast administration are important to optimize image quality.

Indications

ThoraxCT is used in acute settings (ruling out life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, or pneumothorax), assessment of chest trauma, evaluation of infections (pneumonia, abscess), characterization of lung nodules or masses, staging and monitoring of thoracic malignancies, assessment of interstitial or inflammatory diseases, and preoperative planning or treatment response monitoring.

Safety and limitations

Radiation exposure is a consideration, especially in young patients and those requiring serial imaging. Iodinated contrast can cause allergic reactions and, rarely, nephrotoxicity; kidney function assessment is advised in at-risk individuals. Contraindications include pregnancy and certain contrast allergies. Findings are interpreted by radiologists and reported with a structured approach to guide clinical management.