Thermalkameras

Thermal cameras, also known as infrared cameras, are imaging devices that detect infrared radiation emitted by objects and scenes and convert it into a visible image. Unlike traditional cameras, they operate without visible light and render temperature differences as color or grayscale variations, creating a thermogram that reveals heat patterns.

Most thermal cameras use uncooled microbolometer sensors or, in higher-end systems, cooled detectors. They sense long-wave infrared radiation, typically in the 7.5 to 14 micrometer range. The sensor output is processed to produce a radiometric image, where each pixel corresponds to a temperature reading. Important technical terms include sensitivity (NETD), spatial resolution, refresh rate, and radiometric calibration. Emissivity, reflectivity, and atmospheric conditions affect measurements and are often corrected for in analysis.

Thermal cameras come in various forms, including handheld devices, fixed-mounted systems, and professional-grade radiometers used for industrial, scientific, or security applications. Some models provide real-time temperature measurements at specific points and can export data for further analysis. They are commonly integrated with other sensors and data platforms to support monitoring and decision making.

Applications span multiple sectors. In industry, they enable electrical and mechanical inspection, motor and bearing analysis, and building diagnostics (insulation and leaks). Firefighting and search-and-rescue rely on thermal imaging to detect heat sources and locate people. Other uses include medical monitoring, veterinary work, agriculture, and automotive safety research.

Limitations include lower resolution relative to visible cameras, the influence of emissivity and reflective surfaces, fog or dust reducing visibility, and the need for training to interpret thermograms accurately.