Tetanusprofilaktika

Tetanusprofilaktika, or tetanus prophylaxis, refers to the measures taken to prevent tetanus, a bacterial toxin–mediated disease caused by Clostridium tetani. Because there is no cure once symptoms develop, prevention through vaccination and proper wound care is essential.

Active immunization with tetanus toxoid–containing vaccines is the core method of protection. Vaccines such as DTaP, Tdap, and Td induce long‑lasting immunity. In children, a typical primary series is given in infancy with follow‑up boosters during early childhood; adults require regular boosters, commonly every 10 years. Pregnant people are advised to receive a Tdap booster during each pregnancy to protect the newborn from neonatal tetanus.

Post‑exposure prophylaxis combines wound management with immunization. Wound cleaning and debridement are important first steps. Depending on the person’s vaccination history and the wound’s risk (clean vs dirty, minor vs severe), tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) may be given for immediate passive protection, and a booster dose of tetanus vaccine may be administered to promote active immunity. For individuals with up‑to‑date vaccination and clean, minor wounds, TIG is usually not necessary; for uncertain vaccination status or high‑risk wounds, TIG plus vaccination is considered.

Special considerations include protection during pregnancy, neonatal tetanus prevention, and public health efforts to maintain high vaccination coverage. Global guidelines emphasize routine immunization, timely boosters, and prompt post‑exposure interventions to minimize tetanus cases, particularly in settings with limited access to healthcare.