postexposure

Postexposure refers to events or interventions that occur after a potential exposure to a hazardous agent. In clinical and public health practice, it generally denotes actions taken to prevent infection or disease after exposure, or to minimize injury. The term is commonly used with postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and postexposure management across biological, chemical, and radiological hazards.

Biological postexposure prophylaxis focuses on pathogens and includes HIV PEP and rabies PEP, among others. HIV PEP is most effective when started as soon as possible after exposure and within 72 hours; it is typically a 28-day course of antiretroviral therapy. Rabies PEP combines wound care, rabies vaccination, and, depending on exposure, immune globulin. The specific regimens and eligibility criteria depend on the exposure type, the pathogen, and the host’s vaccination history.

Other postexposure interventions depend on the hazard and exposure risk. They may include antibiotic prophylaxis after exposure to certain bacteria or percutaneous injuries, vaccination updates, and diagnostic testing to establish baseline status and monitor for seroconversion or disease. Follow-up testing and clinical monitoring are often recommended, with decisions guided by established guidelines.

Implementation hinges on timely risk assessment, appropriate decontamination when indicated, and adherence to evidence-based recommendations. In occupational and public health settings, postexposure protocols are part of exposure-control plans, with incident reporting, vaccination records, and access to medical evaluation.

For chemical or radiological exposures, postexposure care emphasizes decontamination, antidotes, supportive care, and regulatory reporting. Guidance comes from occupational safety agencies, health authorities, and professional societies, and may vary by jurisdiction and exposure context.