rabies

Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system, primarily causing inflammation of the brain. It is caused by the rabies virus, which belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, typically through bites or scratches. Humans can also contract rabies through contact with infected animal tissue, such as in medical procedures or through bat saliva.

The incubation period for rabies varies but can range from a few days to several months. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, insomnia, anxiety, hydrophobia (fear of water), and in severe cases, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. If left untreated, rabies is almost always fatal.

Prevention of rabies involves vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis. Vaccination is typically given in a series of three doses over several weeks. Post-exposure prophylaxis involves a series of four doses of rabies immunoglobulin and a series of four doses of rabies vaccine given over several months.

Rabies is a significant public health concern, particularly in areas where wildlife, such as bats and dogs, are common. Efforts to control rabies include vaccination programs for wildlife and public education on prevention measures. In humans, rabies is rare but can occur in travelers or healthcare workers who come into contact with infected animals.