Televizijas

Televizijas refers to the medium of transferring moving images and sound to viewers, encompassing the production, distribution, and reception of audiovisual programs. It is used for entertainment, news, education, and advertising, reaching audiences through a variety of platforms and devices.

The development began in the early 20th century with mechanical television and evolved into electronic systems. Public broadcasting expanded after World War II, and color television became widespread in the 1960s–1970s. The late 20th century saw a shift from analog to digital broadcasting, enabling higher efficiency, more channels, and new services. In the 21st century, televisions and viewing habits have become increasingly integrated with the internet, leading to streaming services, on-demand viewing, and hybrid broadcast-internet models.

Technology and distribution: Modern television relies on cameras, studios, transmitters, receivers, and display devices. Broadcasts can be delivered terrestrially, by satellite, through cable, or over the internet. Digital television uses compression and standardized formats to carry multiple channels and metadata, while smart TVs and set-top boxes can provide interactive features and streaming access.

Standards and formats vary by region: DVB in Europe and parts of Asia, ATSC in North America, ISDB in Japan, and DTMB in China. Video compression standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4/AVC, and HEVC (H.265) enable efficient delivery.

Content and industry: Programming includes news, sports, fiction, documentaries, and educational content. Revenue commonly comes from advertising, subscriptions, or licensing. The industry comprises broadcasters, production companies, distributors, and platform operators.