TamperSensors

TamperSensors are devices or subsystems designed to detect unauthorized physical access or manipulation of a component, enclosure, or system. When activated, they typically emit an alert, log an event, or trigger protective measures such as disabling sensitive functionality or locking the device. They are used to deter tampering, aid forensic analysis, and protect confidential data in environments ranging from consumer electronics to critical infrastructure.

Common approaches include mechanical tamper switches (reed switches, micro-switches) that open or close on lid removal; tamper-evident seals that break or change color when breached; and switches integrated into security screws. Electronic sensors include MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect shocks or movement; light sensors or fiber-optic sensors that detect enclosure breaches; temperature, humidity or pressure sensors that detect environmental changes indicative of tampering. Electrical monitoring like circuit continuity loss or tamper loops that are shorted or opened.

In practice, a tamper-sensor module is integrated with the device's microcontroller or security module, often with an independent power source for a tamper event; events are logged and transmitted to a security operations center or access control system, with configurable thresholds to balance false positives.

Applications include payment terminals, ATMs, firearms, pharmaceuticals packaging, data centers, IoT edge devices, and consumer electronics. Some devices implement tamper-evident packaging or protective cases.

Limitations and design considerations include trade-offs between reliability, cost, and false positives; environmental exposure; need for secure handling of tamper logs; regulatory requirements. See also tamper-evident seals, tamper-evident packaging, and secure element tamper detection.