Sähköpurkukoneistus

Sähköpurkukoneistus, also known as Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), is a manufacturing process that uses electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece. This process is capable of machining very hard materials and complex shapes that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional machining methods.

The EDM process typically involves a workpiece submerged in a dielectric fluid, such as deionized water or hydrocarbon oil. An electrode, made of a conductive material like graphite or copper, is brought close to the workpiece without touching it. A controlled electrical current is then applied, creating sparks that jump the gap between the electrode and the workpiece. Each spark erodes a small amount of material from the workpiece, gradually shaping it according to the electrode's form. The dielectric fluid serves to cool the area, flush away eroded particles, and prevent short circuits.

There are two main types of EDM: die-sinking EDM and wire EDM. Die-sinking EDM uses a shaped electrode to create cavities or molds. Wire EDM uses a thin, continuously moving wire as the electrode to cut intricate shapes and profiles. EDM is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, medical, and tool and die manufacturing for creating precision components, molds, dies, and tools. Its ability to machine hard, brittle, or heat-treated materials makes it a valuable technique for specialized applications.