Sylvilagus

Sylvilagus is a genus of New World rabbits in the family Leporidae. Commonly known as cottontails, species in this genus occupy a broad range across the Americas, from southern Canada to South America, with the greatest diversity in North America. About 15 species are recognized.

Physically, Sylvilagus species are generally small to medium-sized lagomorphs with relatively short ears and strong hind legs adapted for rapid hopping. They typically have dense fur that ranges in brown to gray tones, and a distinctive white, fluffy tail that is displayed as a signal when fleeing. They differ from true hares of the genus Lepus in several behavioral and morphological traits, including their reproductive and nesting habits.

Ecology and behavior vary by species but share common patterns. Sylvilagus rabbits are primarily terrestrial and inhabit a variety of habitats, such as forests, grasslands, brushy margins, wetlands, and agricultural areas. Their diet is mostly grasses, forbs, and other herbaceous plants, with occasional fruit, bark, or buds. They are highly fecund, and in favorable climates a female may produce several litters per year, with litters typically containing 2–6 altricial kits. Nesting is usually in shallow ground depressions concealed by vegetation.

Distribution and conservation status also vary by species. Some, such as the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), are common and widespread, while others are localized and threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Predation and disease, including outbreaks of myxomatosis or rabbit hemorrhagic disease in some regions, can influence local populations.

Taxonomically, Sylvilagus is one of several genera in Leporidae that encompass cottontail rabbits and is closely related to Lepus, the true hares.