Sydänvikoja

Sydänvikoja, also known as congenital heart defects, are structural problems present in the heart at birth. These conditions can affect how blood flows through the heart and body. They are among the most common birth defects, affecting approximately 1 in 100 live births. The causes of most congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a role. Certain medical conditions in the mother during pregnancy, such as diabetes or rubella, can increase the risk.

Symptoms of sydänvikoja vary widely depending on the severity and type of defect. Some may be mild and go unnoticed, while others can be life-threatening. Common signs include rapid breathing, shortness of breath, poor feeding, bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or fingernails (cyanosis), and fatigue. In many cases, diagnosis occurs before birth through prenatal ultrasound or shortly after birth through physical examination and diagnostic tests like echocardiograms.

Treatment for sydänvikoja depends on the specific defect. Some mild defects may resolve on their own, while others require medication to manage symptoms or surgical intervention to repair the structural problem. Advances in medical technology have significantly improved outcomes for individuals with these conditions, allowing many to lead full and active lives. Regular medical follow-up is often recommended throughout a person's life to monitor their condition.