Sydänrytmihäiriö

Sydänrytmihäiriö, often referred to as arrhythmia, is a condition characterized by an irregular heartbeat. This irregularity can manifest as a heart beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or with an erratic rhythm. The heart's electrical system controls the pace and rhythm of its contractions, and disruptions in this system can lead to arrhythmias.

Symptoms of heart rhythm disturbances vary widely and can include palpitations, a fluttering sensation in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting, and chest pain. In some cases, individuals may experience no symptoms at all. The underlying causes of arrhythmias are diverse, ranging from structural heart problems and electrolyte imbalances to stress, certain medications, and lifestyle factors like excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to record the heart's electrical activity. Holter monitors, which continuously record heart rhythm over 24-48 hours, and event monitors can also be used for intermittent symptoms.

Treatment for arrhythmias depends on the type, severity, and underlying cause. Options may include lifestyle modifications, medications to control heart rate or rhythm, pacemakers or defibrillators to regulate the heartbeat, and in some instances, procedures like catheter ablation. While many arrhythmias are benign, some can increase the risk of more serious cardiac events, such as stroke or heart failure, necessitating prompt medical evaluation and management.