Suonikohjut

Suonikohjut, also known as varicose veins, are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly appear on the legs and feet. They develop when the valves inside the veins, which are responsible for ensuring blood flows in one direction back to the heart, weaken or become damaged. This allows blood to pool in the veins, causing them to swell and become visible.

Several factors can contribute to the development of suonikohjut. Genetics plays a significant role, meaning a family history of varicose veins increases an individual's risk. Age is another factor, as vein walls can lose elasticity over time. Prolonged standing or sitting, obesity, pregnancy, and hormonal changes can also put extra pressure on the veins, leading to their formation.

Symptoms of suonikohjut can range from purely cosmetic concerns to more uncomfortable physical sensations. Visible bulging or twisted veins, often dark purple or blue, are the most apparent sign. Other symptoms may include aching or heaviness in the legs, throbbing or cramping, itching around the affected veins, and swelling in the lower legs. In more severe cases, skin changes like discoloration or sores may occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of medical history. An ultrasound may be used to assess blood flow and rule out other conditions. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the symptoms and the individual's overall health. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting can help manage symptoms. Compression stockings are often recommended to improve circulation.

For more persistent or severe cases, medical interventions may be considered. These can include minimally invasive procedures like sclerotherapy, where a solution is injected into the vein to close it off, or endovenous thermal ablation, which uses heat to seal the vein. In some instances, surgical removal of the vein may be necessary.