Störunempfindlichkeit

Störunempfindlichkeit, also referred to in English as susceptibility to interference, describes the degree to which a system, device, or signal is affected by external disturbances. The concept is relevant in fields such as electronics, telecommunications, measurement technology, and control engineering. A high Störunempfindlichkeit means that even low‑level noise, electromagnetic emissions or mechanical vibrations can degrade performance, while a low susceptibility indicates robust operation under adverse conditions.

In electronic circuits the parameter is often quantified by the ratio of the induced error to the amplitude of the disturbing signal. Standards such as IEC 61000 define test methods for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) that assess Störunempfindlichkeit with respect to radiated and conducted emissions. Similar criteria exist for optical systems, where stray light or temperature fluctuations may affect signal integrity.

Design strategies to reduce Störunempfindlichkeit include shielding, filtering, proper grounding, use of differential signaling, and layout techniques that minimize loop areas. In measurement instruments, calibration and averaging can mitigate the impact of random noise. Biological and medical devices also consider Störunempfindlichkeit, as patient safety may be compromised by unintended electromagnetic exposure.

Assessment of Störunempfindlichkeit is part of a broader risk analysis, often performed during the development phase and validated by compliance testing. Documentation of the susceptibility levels aids in specifying protection classes and in selecting appropriate components. While complete elimination of interference is seldom feasible, controlling Störunempfindlichkeit ensures reliable operation, longevity of equipment, and conformity with regulatory requirements.