Stroitelstvo

Stroitelstvo is the activity of constructing buildings and infrastructure, deriving from the Russian word meaning building or construction. It encompasses planning, design, financing, and execution of construction projects, including residential, commercial, industrial, and civil infrastructure.

The typical project lifecycle includes initiation and feasibility, design and engineering, permitting and procurement, site preparation, foundation, structural assembly, enclosure, systems installation (mechanical, electrical, plumbing), interior finishing, commissioning, and handover. Project management, budgeting, scheduling, and risk assessment are integral.

The industry relies on architects, civil and structural engineers, surveyors, contractors, and construction managers. Roles include general contractors, subcontractors, suppliers. Quality control, safety, and compliance with codes are critical. In Russian-speaking contexts, standards often reference GOST, SNiP, and more recently national and international standards.

The regulatory framework covers building codes, zoning, safety, labor, and environmental protection. Permitting processes vary by jurisdiction and project type. Sustainability and energy efficiency are increasingly emphasized, with green building certifications and use of BIM for design and coordination.

History of construction traces ancient roots and development through industrialization; in the 20th century state planning and large-scale housing programs shaped the sector in many countries, including Russia and the former Soviet states. Contemporary Stroitelstvo emphasizes modular construction, prefabrication, and digital tools to improve productivity.