Stressorsoverlap

Stressorsoverlap is a neologism used in risk analysis and systems science to describe the degree to which multiple stressors coincide in space, time, or both, and thereby amplify overall system stress. The term combines stressors with the concept of overlap, signaling a focus on the intersections between different sources of pressure rather than their isolated effects.

Conceptually, stressorsoverlap encompasses several dimensions. Spatial stressorsoverlap refers to the alignment of stress fields across a geographic or structural domain, such as overlapping load concentrations on a bridge or concurrent environmental contaminants at a habitat site. Temporal stressorsoverlap concerns the simultaneity or sequential clustering of stress events, which can magnify impact if responses to one stressor alter vulnerability to others. The metric can also capture cumulative or synergistic effects, where combined stressors produce disproportionately large outcomes compared with individual effects.

Measurement approaches vary. Researchers may use overlay or intersection analyses of stress maps, joint probability of exceedance, or interaction models that estimate synergy or antagonism between stressors. Data sources include sensors, remote sensing, health or ecological surveys, and engineering or environmental monitoring.

Applications span several fields. In ecology, stressorsoverlap helps assess ecosystem vulnerability under multiple pressures. In civil and environmental engineering, it informs design and risk management where concurrent loads or hazards occur. In public health and occupational safety, it aids understanding of how co-occurring risk factors affect outcomes.

Limitations include data gaps, nonlinearity of responses, and challenges in attributing causality to overlapping stressors. Ongoing research seeks standardized definitions, robust estimation methods, and clear interpretive guidelines.