Stellantriebe

Stellantriebe are devices that convert electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic energy into mechanical motion to move or position a load. They are used to actuate components such as valves, dampers, grippers, or machine tools and to provide controlled forces and positioning in automation systems. Most Stellantriebe integrate an energy source, a drive mechanism, a transmission system, feedback sensors, and control electronics.

The main types include electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, and piezoelectric actuators. Electric actuators can be rotary or linear and often use motors with gear trains, lead screws or ballscrews for linear motion. Pneumatic actuators use compressed air to produce rapid, simple linear movement, typically with limited force control. Hydraulic actuators generate high force and torque with hydraulic fluid, suitable for heavy-duty applications but requiring fluid handling and leak prevention. Piezoelectric actuators provide very fine, high-resolution positioning and fast response, though usually over small travel ranges. Modern Stellantriebe may combine several principles or include smart features such as integrated sensors and digital controls.

Key components include the energy supply, drive mechanism (motor, piston, or piezo element), motion transmission (screws, racks, or linkages), feedback devices (potentiometers, encoders, LVDTs), and control electronics with algorithms for position or force control. Control can be open-loop or closed-loop, with closed-loop systems using feedback to achieve precise positioning, velocity, or torque via strategies such as PID control and feedforward compensation.

Applications span process automation, valve actuation, robotics, CNC machinery, and building automation. Selection depends on required force or torque, travel, speed, precision, environmental conditions, and maintenance considerations.