Statiinid

Statiinid are a class of prescription medicines used to lower cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. They work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in the liver’s cholesterol synthesis. With reduced cholesterol production, the liver increases the number of LDL receptors on its surface, which removes more LDL from the bloodstream.

They are used for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins are prescribed to people with high LDL cholesterol, existing heart disease, diabetes, or other risk factors for heart attack and stroke. They can lower LDL cholesterol by roughly 25 to 60 percent, depending on the specific drug and dose, and may also modestly reduce triglycerides and slightly raise HDL cholesterol. Numerous clinical trials have shown that statins reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events.

Common statins include atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and pitavastatin. Dosing and potency vary, and the choice of statin is individualized based on effectiveness, patient tolerance, and potential drug interactions. In addition to medication, lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation contribute to cardiovascular risk reduction.

Safety and monitoring are important. Common side effects include muscle aches and weakness or elevated liver enzymes. Rare but serious risks include myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, especially at high doses or with interacting drugs. Statins are generally contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Liver function tests are typically done at baseline and periodically, and lipid levels are monitored to assess response. Caution is advised with certain medications and grapefruit products due to interaction risks.