Statiini

Statiini, or statins in English, are a class of medications that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme involved in the liver’s cholesterol synthesis. By reducing hepatic cholesterol production, they increase the expression of LDL receptors on liver cells and lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. They also have modest effects on triglycerides and can raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to a small extent.

Indications for statins include primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk, and secondary prevention in people with established atherosclerotic disease. They are commonly used to achieve target LDL-C reductions and to lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Efficacy varies with the specific drug and dose, but higher-potency regimens reduce LDL-C more and generally provide greater cardiovascular risk reduction.

Common statins include atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and pitavastatin. Dosing is usually once daily; some agents may be taken at any time of day, while others are preferred in the evening due to differences in cholesterol synthesis timing.

Safety and monitoring considerations include baseline liver function tests and periodic monitoring thereafter. Patients should report unexplained muscle pain, weakness, or dark urine, as rare but serious muscle injury (myopathy or rhabdomyolysis) can occur, especially with drug interactions or high doses. Statins may slightly increase the risk of new-onset diabetes and are contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding. As with other therapies, lifestyle measures such as diet and physical activity remain important adjuncts.