Sphinginae

Sphinginae is a subfamily of hawk moths within the family Sphingidae. Members of this group are among the larger and more robust moths, with streamlined bodies and strong, fast flight. Adults are typically nocturnal or crepuscular and many feed on nectar using a long proboscis. They are capable of hovering while feeding at flowers, and some species undertake long-distance migrations. Larvae, commonly called hornworms, have a horn at the posterior and vary in host plant preferences across species.

Taxonomy and distribution: Sphinginae is one of the major subfamilies of Sphingidae, alongside Smerinthinae and Macroglossinae. The subfamily comprises multiple genera and hundreds of species distributed worldwide, with the greatest diversity in tropical regions. Notable members include the death's-head hawk-moths (Acherontia) and other large hawk moths in related genera.

Life cycle and ecology: Like other hawk moths, Sphinginae undergo complete metamorphosis with egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Larvae are typically stout and often individuals are brightly patterned, but forms vary widely. Pupation usually occurs in soil or leaf litter. Adults rely on nectar, often visiting deep, tubular flowers thanks to long mouthparts. The subfamily contributes to pollination in many ecosystems and serves as a food source for predators; some species are also of interest to science and horticulture due to their size and behavior.