Sotsiaalteenuste

Sotsiaalteenuste, or social services, are public and often also private services designed to support individuals and families in need. They aim to maintain or improve well-being, promote participation in society, and prevent poverty and social exclusion. Typical areas include social care and support, child and family services, disability and rehabilitation services, housing support, elder care, and employment or participation services. Services can be provided in homes, in day centers, or in institutional settings, depending on need and local arrangements.

Administration and funding of social services vary by country but generally involve cooperation between national authorities and subnational units such as municipalities or regions. Eligibility is often based on need, age, disability, family circumstances, and income, with means-tested programs supporting those with limited resources. Delivery is commonly organized through a mix of statutory provisions, social work assessment, and service coordination to ensure integrated support.

In Estonia, for example, the organization of social services is primarily the responsibility of local governments within a national legal framework. The Ministry of Social Affairs sets policy, while municipalities arrange and fund most services. Key areas include social work, home care and residential care for the elderly and disabled, child protection and family support, disability services and rehabilitation, housing support, and employment-related services. Funding comes from state and local budgets, sometimes complemented by European funds, with ongoing reforms aimed at improving accessibility, coordination, and prevention.

Quality and accessibility of sotsiaalteenuste are monitored through standards, inspections, user feedback, and outcome evaluations to ensure that services meet needs effectively and respect individuals’ rights and dignity.