Softwareanalysewerkzeuge

Software analysis is the systematic examination of software artifacts to understand behavior, reveal defects, and assess quality attributes. It encompasses techniques applied to source code, binaries, specifications, and runtime data, and can be performed without executing the program (static analysis) or during execution (dynamic analysis). The goal is to improve reliability, security, maintainability, and performance, and to provide evidence for verification and compliance.

Static analysis inspects code and models without running the program. It uses methods such as data-flow analysis, control-flow analysis, type checking, and abstract interpretation to detect potential defects, security vulnerabilities, dead code, or violations of coding standards. Static analysis can identify issues early in development and help enforce consistent practices across large codebases, though it may produce false positives and may be challenged by complex language features or generated code.

Dynamic analysis observes the program while it runs. Techniques include profiling to measure resource usage, tracing to monitor execution paths, runtime verification to check properties during operation, memory analysis to detect leaks, and fuzz testing to explore unexpected inputs. Dynamic analysis provides insight into actual behavior and performance, but requires representative workloads and may incur overhead.

Formal methods offer mathematical proofs of correctness for critical systems, while a combination of static, dynamic, and formal approaches is common in modern practice. Software analysis supports quality assurance, security auditing, performance optimization, and regulatory compliance, often integrated with development workflows and continuous integration. Challenges include scalability, false positives, handling multi-language ecosystems, and evolving requirements.