Sneeuwmetingen

Sneeuwmetingen (Dutch for snow measurements) refers to the collection and analysis of data on snow conditions. It encompasses quantities such as snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow density, and snowpack characteristics. These measurements support hydrology, meteorology, avalanche forecasting, climate research, and water resource management. Measurements are made at fixed sites and along transects, and may be carried out at regional, national, or international scales.

Snow depth is the vertical distance from the ground to the top surface of the snow layer, typically measured with a ruler or staff gauge. SWE represents the amount of liquid water contained in the snow and is used to estimate meltwater. It is derived from snow density and depth or measured directly with instruments such as snow pillows. Snow density is computed as mass per unit volume.

Measurement methods include manual observations at weather stations, snow pillows that measure water content via pressure, snow cores for density and layering, and automated sensors such as ultrasonic or radar-based depth sensors. Remote sensing techniques (satellite and airborne radar/LiDAR) cover larger areas but with varying accuracy. Manual pit profiling reveals stratigraphy and critical weak layers for avalanche safety.

Data from sneeuwmetingen inform flood forecasting, reservoir management, climate monitoring, and winter safety operations. They are managed by national meteorological services, hydrological institutes, and research organizations, and are often integrated into numerical weather prediction and hydrological models. Quality control and calibration are essential due to spatial heterogeneity and environmental conditions.