SignWriting

SignWriting is a writing system for sign languages, developed by Valerie Sutton in 1974. Unlike alphabetic scripts, it uses a repertoire of visual glyphs to represent the form and space of signs, including handshape, orientation, location in signing space, movement, and non-manual cues such as facial expressions. The goal is to provide a standard, transferable way to write sign languages independent of spoken language.

Structure and notation: The system is built from the SignWriting Alphabet and related glyphs that depict hand configurations, plus separate marks for movement and placement. Signs are written in a two-dimensional layout that reflects the signing space around the signer; sequences are read left-to-right and top-to-bottom in a way similar to glossing, and non-manual features are captured with additional symbols placed above or alongside the main glyphs.

History and usage: Created in the 1970s by Sutton, SignWriting has been adopted by Deaf communities, educators, and researchers for documentation, dictionaries, literacy materials, and linguistic analysis. International resources, fonts, keyboards, and software support SignWriting, and the SignWriting community maintains standards and publications through organizations such as SignWriting.org.

Variants and reception: The most widely used form is Sutton SignWriting; there are ASCII-based representations to facilitate typing, and ongoing development to improve multi-language documentation. It has not achieved universal adoption in sign-language communities in the same way as natural scripts, but remains an influential tool for sign language documentation and education.