Serin

Serin is a common name for several small seed-eating birds in the finch family, Fringillidae. The best-known species is the European serin (Serinus serinus). Serins are found across Europe, North Africa, and parts of western Asia, and they occupy open woodlands, hedges, orchards, and cultivated areas.

Serins are small birds, about 11–13 cm in length, with conical bills adapted for cracking seeds. Plumage is typically yellow-olive with brown streaks; males in breeding plumage show brighter yellow underparts, while females are paler and more subdued. They are active and social, often forming flocks outside the breeding season. Their calls are high-pitched and musical.

Range and habitat vary by species, but serins generally prefer edge habitats with shrubs or trees for nesting and foraging. The European serin breeds in southern Europe and parts of North Africa and migrates to milder regions in winter, though some populations are resident. Other serin species occur across Africa and parts of Asia.

Food and feeding behavior are centered on seeds, including cereals and wild grasses, supplemented by buds and small fruits; insects are consumed when feeding chicks. Nesting takes place in shrubs or hedges, with a cup-shaped nest and a typical clutch of 4–6 eggs. Both parents participate in incubation and feeding of the young.

Conservation status of serins is generally favorable, with a wide distribution and large populations. Some local declines have occurred due to habitat loss and pesticide use, but the overall global status is listed as Least Concern by major conservation authorities.