Selftalk
Self-talk is the ongoing internal dialogue that people use to think, plan, and regulate emotion and behavior. It includes sentences, phrases, or even single words that run in the mind, and can be heard as inner speech or as external self-commands in some cases. It can be automatic or deliberate, and varies across situations and cultures.
Self-talk is often categorized as positive or negative; more precise distinctions include motivational self-talk (to persist,
Functions of self-talk include self-regulation, problem solving, coping with stress, and influencing mood and motivation. Positive
In clinical psychology, self-talk is a target in cognitive-behavioral therapy and related approaches to challenge cognitive
Research suggests that self-talk can affect performance, learning, and emotional state, with small to moderate effects
Techniques for improving self-talk include journaling, thought records, cognitive restructuring, and practicing specific self-talk scripts aligned