Seiden

Seiden, or silk in English, is a natural protein fiber produced by certain insects, most notably the larvae of the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). The fiber is primarily composed of fibroin and coated with sericin during cocoon formation. Silk is valued for its smooth hand, natural sheen, and good drape, making it a preferred material for apparel and luxury textiles.

Production begins with the cultivation of silkworms on mulberry leaves. After the caterpillars spin cocoons, the filaments are boiled to soften the sericin and unwind into a single continuous thread. Multiple filaments are often combined to create sewing threads or spun into yarns for fabric. Weaving and knitting transform the yarns into fabrics, which may be dyed and finished to enhance luster and softness. A common quality measure is momme, a unit of fabric weight that helps indicate thickness and quality.

There are several silk varieties. Mulberry silk is the most common and is known for uniformity. Wild silks, such as tussah, eri, and muga, differ in texture, color, and sheen. Silk fabrics include satin, charmeuse, and georgette, among many others, and are used in clothing, scarves, linings, and home furnishings. Silk is relatively strong for a natural fiber and has excellent breathability, but it is heat- and light-sensitive and often requires careful care.

History and industry: silk originated in ancient China and spread along trade routes that became the Silk Road. By the medieval period, silk production and trade supported major economies in Asia and Europe. Today, major producers include China and India, with silk remaining a symbol of luxury and craftsmanship.

Sustainability: concerns include animal welfare and farming practices. Alternatives include "peace silk" (ahimsa silk), where the moth is allowed to emerge before the cocoon is processed, and the broader cultivation of wild silk varieties.