Schwerhörigkeit

Schwerhörigkeit, also known as hearing loss, refers to a reduced ability to hear sounds compared to an individual with normal hearing. It can affect one or both ears and range in severity from mild to profound. The causes of hearing loss are varied, including genetic factors, age-related changes (presbycusis), exposure to loud noise, infections, certain medications, and medical conditions such as Meniere's disease or otosclerosis.

There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound transmission to the inner ear is impaired, often due to problems in the outer or middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss involves damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve, affecting the processing of sound. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of both conductive and sensorineural types.

Symptoms of hearing loss can include difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments, a feeling of fullness in the ears, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and needing to turn up the volume on electronic devices. Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing hearing loss and minimizing its impact on communication, social interaction, and overall quality of life.

Diagnosis typically involves a hearing test (audiometry) performed by an audiologist. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of hearing loss and may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, assistive listening devices, or surgical interventions. In cases of conductive hearing loss, addressing the underlying cause might restore some or all hearing. For sensorineural hearing loss, management often focuses on maximizing residual hearing and improving communication. Rehabilitation and speech therapy can also be beneficial for individuals with hearing loss.