profound

Profound is an adjective that describes something with great depth, either literal or figurative. It is used for intellectual depth, emotional intensity, or significant impact. A profound idea can reveal new insight; a profound sorrow can feel all-encompassing; a profound change can alter a situation in a lasting way.

Origin: The word derives from Latin profundus meaning "deep," from pro- "forward" + fundus "bottom." It entered English via Old French profond. The related noun profundity refers to the quality of being profound.

Usage: Profound tends to modify abstract nouns such as insight, questions, art, or influence, and is often found in academic, literary, or professional discourse. It is not used for superficial or merely strong emotion; the effect must be substantial and enduring. For example, a profound discovery, a profound question, or a profound impact.

Profound vs deep: While both can indicate depth, profound emphasizes significance, complexity, or lasting depth of meaning, rather than physical depth alone. Deep is more common for spatial depth or intensity, whereas profound highlights cognitive or emotional profundity.

Related terms: profoundness or profundity are the typical noun forms, with profundity more common in formal writing. The adverb form is profoundly.