SBahn

S-Bahn is a network of rapid urban-suburban rail services found in several German-speaking countries. The term S-Bahn, derived from Schnellbahn or Stadtschnellbahn, designates rail systems that connect city centers with surrounding suburbs on predominantly grade-separated tracks. S-Bahn services are designed to combine high frequency with extended reach beyond city limits, offering faster travel than local buses or trams in many corridors while remaining distinct from long-distance rail.

Geography and scope: The most extensive S-Bahn networks operate in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, with systems in major cities such as Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Vienna, Zürich, Basel and Bern. S-Bahn networks often interconnect with regional rail, U-Bahn or tram networks, and they typically share fare systems and timetabling within local transport associations.

Characteristics: S-Bahn lines are usually electrified and run on a mix of dedicated tracks and grade-separated alignments. They typically provide high-frequency service, often every 10 to 20 minutes, including through city centers and sometimes via underground segments before branching into suburbs. Rolling stock consists of electric multiple units optimized for frequent-stop operation and rapid acceleration.

Operation and organization: S-Bahn networks are operated by national or regional rail companies, under public transport authorities or fare associations. In many cities, timetables and fares are coordinated within a Verkehrsverbund or equivalent authority, enabling integrated tickets and smooth transfers with other rail, bus, and tram services.

Examples: Notable S-Bahn networks include Berlin S-Bahn, Hamburg S-Bahn, Munich S-Bahn in Germany; S-Bahn Wien in Austria; S-Bahn Zürich, Basel and Bern in Switzerland.