Bern

Bern is the capital and de facto political center of Switzerland, hosting the Federal Assembly (Bundeshaus) and the Federal Council. The city lies on the Aare River in the Swiss plateau and serves as the capital of the canton of Bern. It is a major cultural and educational hub, with a population of about 140,000 in the city and roughly one million in the wider canton.

Founded in the 12th century by the Zähringen dynasty, Bern grew into a regional trading center. Its name is linked to the bear (Bär), a symbol that appears in the city’s heraldry. The medieval old town forms a UNESCO World Heritage Site, renowned for its well-preserved arcaded streets, the Zytglogge clock tower, and the Bern Cathedral (Berner Münster).

Key cultural and historical sites include the Einstein House, where Albert Einstein lived from 1903 to 1905, and the Bear Park along the Aare. The city hosts museums, theaters, and the University of Bern (founded 1834), underscoring its role in education and research.

Economically, Bern relies on public administration, education, healthcare, and science. The climate is temperate, with four seasons and relatively mild summers. Transport links are strong, anchored by Bern Hauptbahnhof (main railway station) and a regional airport at Belp, with road connections to the Swiss and European networks. The historic city center, its landmark towers, and the surrounding green spaces draw residents and visitors alike.