Räjähdyshäiriö

Räjähdyshäiriö, known in English as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED), is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent, impulsive, aggressive outbursts that are grossly disproportionate to the situation. These outbursts can manifest as verbal aggression, such as shouting or temper tantrums, or physical aggression, including damage to property or assaults on people or animals. Individuals with IED often experience a significant buildup of tension or arousal before an outburst, followed by a sense of release or relief during and immediately after the aggressive episode.

Following the outburst, individuals typically report feelings of remorse, regret, or shame. The aggression is not premeditated and is not committed in order to achieve some external goal. IED is distinct from other aggressive behaviors that might be associated with other mental health conditions, such as conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder, as the aggression in IED is characterized by its impulsivity and lack of clear motivation beyond the immediate release of tension.

The exact causes of IED are not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors may contribute to its development. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, has been implicated, and abnormalities in brain structures involved in impulse control and emotional regulation may also play a role. Traumatic experiences, childhood adversity, and certain personality traits are also considered potential risk factors. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and adherence to specific diagnostic criteria, typically outlined in diagnostic manuals like the DSM-5. Treatment often involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals identify triggers, manage anger, and develop coping strategies. Mood-stabilizing medications may also be prescribed in some cases.